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Centre for Active Lifestyles and Healthy Ageing (ACTLIFE)

Head for goal

Physical activity is known to enhance mental health, physical health and recovery in people with mental health problems.

Head for goal

The Challenge

Physical activity is known to enhance mental health, physical health and recovery in people with mental health problems. However engagement and maintenance in physical activity is low.

Football, provided by professional football teams has been found to be beneficial for people – especially men, with mental health problems. However, what happens during the football experience which engages individuals requires further exploration.

The approach

The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of football provided by a professional club for people with mental health problems. A secondary aim was to explore, how people initially engage in football and how they maintain their engagement in football. Traditional social-cognitive models of behaviour change do not always result in physical activity adherence. Therefore, a novel dual-process model named Affective-Reflective Theory (ART) (Brand & Ekkekakis, 2018) was used to explain the findings.

The impact

  • Informed local practice of football programmes to enhance design and promote engagement.
  • Informs teaching at level 6 and level 7 on behaviour change and physical activity for mental health.

Because I don’t go anywhere, so I like suffer from paranoia and I don’t like going out. So football is like the only time I come out

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Study participent
  • Hargreaves, J.M. and Pringle, A. (2019) Football is pure enjoyment: An exploration of the behaviour change processes which facilitate engagement in football for people with mental health problems. Mental Health and Physical Activity, 16, pp. 19-30.
  • Hargreaves (2019) “Football is pure enjoyment” What is it about football that engages people with mental health problems in physical activity. Carnegie Xchange seminar series. Leeds Beckett University. 1st May.
  • Hargreaves, J.M. and Pringle, A. (2018) What is it about football? The experiences of football and behaviour change among people with mental health problems. In: ISPAH, October 15-17, 2018, London
  • Invited to interview for a BBC news article

The paper applied a new theory of behaviour change which received commendations from the author’s of the paper on X:
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