Bijoy Das

ABSTRACT

This paper examines whether opportunistic or routine insiders in US markets engage in informed trading and earn higher short‐term returns during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Our findings indicate that trades by opportunistic insiders are indeed informative, yielding higher returns compared to those of routine insiders during the pandemic. Interestingly, we also observe that opportunistic directors earn higher returns than CEOs. Additionally, opportunistic insiders trading in the Nasdaq market achieve higher returns compared to those in the NYSE, and opportunistic insiders in the financial sector outperform those in the non‐financial sector. Our results remain robust across various model specifications, alternative measures and considerations for endogeneity. Overall, our findings suggest that opportunistic insiders possess a significant informational advantage, enabling them to engage in informed trading during the pandemic.

Abstract

This paper analyses the joint effects of Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU) and inflation risk on the Corporate Cash Holdings (CCH) of US firms from 2011 to 2021. The baseline results suggest that EPU and inflation risk positively impact CCH. Moreover, we find the same results between inflation risk and CCH. However, EPU and CCH are negatively associated. Additionally, construction (finance) firms hold higher (lower) cash at the time of EPU and inflationary risk. We also find that firms hold higher (lower) cash during Democrat (Republican) presidential terms. The two-step system Generalized Method of Moments approach used to control the potential endogeneity issues indicates the same results and supports the baseline findings.

Abstract

This study examines how the collapse of Silicon Valley Bank (SVB) and heightened inflation affected shareholders wealth in U.S. financial institutions. Using daily stock returns from February 15 to March 29, 2023, we calculate abnormal and cumulative abnormal returns to measure market reactions. Applying ordinary least squares (OLS) and difference‐in‐differences methods, we record a substantial reduction in shareholder wealth linked to SVB bankruptcy, exacerbated by inflationary pressures. These results highlight the systemic nature of financial shocks, where distress in individual institution can transmit broadly across markets. Our findings enhance the literature on financial institutions by shedding the light on the protective benefits of diversification diminishing during extreme adverse events. For policymakers, investors, and firms, the findings underscore the importance of monitoring systemic risk and strengthening resilience against contagion effects in periods of heightened uncertainty.

This paper analyses the impact of Ukraine–Russia conflict on stock markets in Europe. We consider the stock markets of nine EU countries and Russia. The analysis consists of day-firm which includes the time between 24 November 2021 and 23 May 2022. We consider ordinary least squared (OLS) and fixed effects as baseline models. Additionally, we consider the impact of this conflict on stock return for several months, the elasticity test, the instrumental variable—two-stage least squared (2SLS) approach for the robustness test and endogeneity concerns. We find evidence of the negative impact of the Ukraine–Russia conflict on stock return of that stock markets. In addition, our finding indicates that the impact of this war on the mining construction and manufacturing sectors is greater than on other sectors because Russia and Ukraine are the key suppliers or exporters of mining and manufacturing sector. Our finding also indicates that Ukraine–Russia conflict largely affects stock return of Russian stocks because Russia is directly involved in the conflict.

Purpose Given the importance of both research and development (R&D) investments and dividend policy in the growth of firms, this paper examines the moderating effects of investor protection and other country-level governance mechanisms on the relationship between R&D investments and dividend payments in the firms from Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS countries). Design/methodology/approach This empirical study uses a sample of 22,073 firm year observations from the BRICS countries over a period of 2008–2020 and employs both ordinary least squared (OLS) and system generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation methods. The GMM estimation controls for unobservable heterogeneity and endogeneity and reduces estimation bias. Findings The findings indicate that although R&D intensity is negatively related with the cash dividend payments, with the interaction of investor protection and other country-level mechanisms the relationship between R&D intensity and dividend payments becomes positive. The results further show that investor protection has stronger impact on the relationship between R&D intensity and firm cash dividend payments than other selected country-level governance factors. Practical implications The research findings should encourage the policy makers in BRICS countries to strengthen investor protection and enhance quality of their institutions to make a right balance between retaining their growth potential and maintaining the value of the firms. Originality/value This is the first study to provide evidence of the moderating effects of investor protection and other country-level governance mechanisms on the relationship between R&D investments and dividend payments using the data from BRICS countries.