Outputs

Findings and Impact

The Women in Caribbean Carnival project Principal Investigator (Emily Zobel Marshall, Leeds Beckett University) and Co-Investigator (Cathy Thomas, University of California Santa Barbara), with support from project advisor Adeola Dewis (Cardiff University), delivered three international symposiums (Trinidad, Feb 2022, California, May 2022 and Leeds, August 2022) examining the role of women in Caribbean and diasporic carnival following a successful AHRC research networking bid.

The dynamic, collaborative symposiums brought together researchers, artists, performers and other carnival stakeholders in three different diasporic locations; the US, the Caribbean and the UK. The key focus on each workshop was to understand how women in carnival resist oppressive forces through the medium of carnival and to examine the sustainability and future direction of carnival research. The workshops were also focused on bringing academics and artists in conversation with one another to bridge the gap between disciplines and practices.

Each symposium was attended by approximately 50 attendees and we were able to collate feedback from each event which was extremely positive. We discovered that women in these three locations use carnival as a platform to challenge patriarchal ideas about sexuality and femininity. They do this through the medium of dance, costuming, storytelling, music and scholarship. The California and Leeds symposiums were hybrid and recorded with both in-person and online participants from around the world. The Leeds symposium included an art exhibition, a theatre performance and a dance workshop. Dr. Kim Vaz-Deville, who attended from New Orleans and presented on the baby dolls of Madi Gras said:

The symposium was so thoughtfully organized that students, faculty and scholars from around the world will benefit from the work you, Cathy, and Adeola have undertaken. It was an honour and privilege to present. I look forward to further discussions.’

Professor Kim Vaz-Deville
Dr Kim Vaz-Deville

Dance Choreographer and performing artist Maria Slack, of MProductiontime2show tweeted that she ‘really enjoyed this event, very informative, learned a lot and met good creative professionals that are as passionate as myself for people to strive and keep Caribbean carnival alive and to also interact with new arrivals and different categories. Thank you’.

As well as running three international workshops, we have collated a database of interviews, photographs and film recordings of participants preparing for carnival, reflecting on their carnival practice and taking part in carnival as well as film footage of each symposium. The project leaders and participants took part in tradition carnival practices in both Leeds and Trinidad (and later, New Orleans Mardi Gras) and were able to reflect on the lived experience of carnival in the symposiums that followed the events.

Film and video outputs

The funding supported the creation of a Women in Carnival film. We commissioned carnival researcher Tola Dabiri to collate interviews, music and mas performances and create, with the support of film editor Josh Hallet, an hour-long film documenting the carnival practices and process of women in carnival in the UK. The film was launched at the August 2022 symposium in Leeds. This helped to centre the Leeds symposium on UK mas makers and carnival artists and increase an understanding in the unique presentation of Caribbean mas in British society. It was also aimed to encourage greater participation in the conference by target audience, UK Carnivalists.

The film, as well as being platformed on the Women in Carnival website, will also be available on the 'Carnival in a Box' website, a online resource site dedicated to archiving and supporting UK carnival arts.

Interviews A range of contributors give their thoughts on the role of women in Carribean carnival culture.

Participants in the research project

Exhibition of carnival paintings

We were able to support, with additional funding from the School of Cultural Studies and Humanities QR funds, the creation of a carnival exhibition. 'Danca e Luta', by carnival artist Rhian Kempadoo-Miller draws inspiration from traditional carnival characters such as Baby Doll, Jab Jab, Blue Devil, and La Diablesse. The work provides a social commentary on Caribbean heritage, contemporary politics, feminism and current affairs. It also explores how carnival has historically been used as a vehicle for revolution and change through painting, collage, textiles and digital art. A series of six art prints and original canvases were created by Rhian and displayed as part of the WIC symposium in Leeds. The prints were made into six pull-up stands and are now on permanent display at Leeds Beckett University.

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Rhian Kempadoo-Miller at the exhibition
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The exhibition
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One of the exhibited works
Rhian Kempadoo-Miller at the exhibition
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The exhibition
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One of the pieces from the exhibition
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'It's Carnival' Theatre Production

We were are able to provide a platform at the Leeds symposium for the independent Black women-led theatre collective ‘Speak Woman Speak’ to develop and perform a new play entitled 'It's Carnival', drawing from academic research central to the Women in Carnival network, in consultation with Emily Zobel Marshall. 'Speak Woman Speak' created a bespoke piece which was shared in the Leeds Beckett University theatre space at the Leeds Women in Carnival symposium. This was the result of a partnership between the Women in Carnival network, the 'Speak Woman Speak' theatre collective and the 'The World Reimagined' project, a ground-breaking, national art education project seeking to 'transform how we understand the Transatlantic Slave Trade and its impact on all of us.'

This collaboration was aimed at helping to develop the dissemination of the network and raising the profile of 'Speak Woman Speak' to an international audience, as well as building connections between the network and theatre. The Women in Carnival network and Speak Woman Speak have racial justice and social equality at the heart of what they do and are both focused on the amplification of Black and Brown female voices. 'This is Carnival' has since toured in Scotland and Emily is supporting lead actress and manager Leah Francis to develop her work into a practice-based PhD focused on theatre and carnival as a resource for healing in the Black community.

"It's Carnival" Excerpts from the performance

Image from the "It's Carnival" promotional poster
Except from the comic strip

Steups: A Caribbean Cultural Sound Cue in Hardears

Cathy Thomas, MFA, PhD

This paper considers how Matthew Clarke and Nigel Lynch’s Hardears (2021), an Afrofuturist comic book that blends Caribbean carnival culture with technology, uses onomatopoeia to produce visually and textually rich moments that signal Afro-Caribbean, African, and Black cultures. In these narratives, I consider how sound, specifically, the common Caribbean gesture/sound of steups or sucking teeth invokes the process of diaspora literacy—a multi-layered folk understanding of words in the community of the African diaspora—in both real and imaginative places. This sound shows up as onomatopoeia on the page with the lettering “CHNN!” It is a sound made by sucking in the air around the tongue when the tongue tip rest against the palette. I close read how these Caribbean comic book creators use familiar bodily sound effects as distinct markers for representations of Caribbean life to augment the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the comic’s fantastic setting while augmenting the cultural imaginary of the African Diaspora.

Lady in bright costume and white headdress at Leeds West Indian Carnival

Exploring Women in Carribean Carnival

Dr Emily Zobel Marshall

Emily Zobel Marshall has secured funding from the Arts and Humanities Research Council to forge a unique research network focused on ‘Women in Caribbean Carnival’.