Dr Ingrid Griffiths

Although academics have long considered the nature and structure of tourist-host relationships, only limited attention has been paid to the role of nationality in such relationships whilst the influence of nationalism in particular as a cultural determinant of encounters between tourists and hosts has not been explored. This paper addresses this gap in the literature. Applying Q methodology to the contemporaneous study of interactions between English tourists and Welsh hosts in Bala, North Wales, it seeks to identify the varying senses of nationalism amongst tourists and hosts, both individually and relative to each other. In so doing, it suggests that outcomes of tourist-host encounters are dynamic, dependent on differing types and intensities of nationalism held by both tourists and hosts.

Purpose/Rationale The purpose of this exploratory paper is to critically explore the liability underwriting landscape for insuring concussion risks in rugby league in the UK. Design/Methodology/Approach The authors approached this study using a qualitative methodology via exploratory expert interviews with four experienced liability underwriters and interpreted the data using thematic analysis. Findings The issues of causation and volatility are of immediate concern for underwriters causing systemic uncertainty. The inherent risk relating to the game of rugby league, physiology of participants and degenerative diseases such as CTE are identified as significant risk factors when evaluating concussion liability risks in rugby league. Practical Implications The findings of this study have implications for rugby league stakeholders including the RFL leadership, scientists, doctors, lawyers, insurance brokers and risk managers, to produce scientific data for the underwriting community to greater understand the concussion exposure. Research Contribution Sports concussion research concerning the liability insurance market is drastically underexplored. This study is at the beginning of researching this specific field. These novel findings provide insights to help explain the current state of underwriting concussion liability in rugby league. Originality/Value The authors understand that this study is the first to be conducted with underwriters regarding the issue of concussion in rugby league. It is important to change the direction of travel between underwriters and rugby league.

Since the professionalization of English women's football in 2018, it is now considered a viable career opportunity for women footballers. Nevertheless, little is known about women working within the culture of professional football clubs, the impact on their career experiences, and crucially, within the context of women's sport. Utilizing Schein's model of organizational culture as a theoretical framework and focusing on the professional tiers of English women's football, we interviewed General Managers and Head Coaches for what they perceive to be the cultural features of their organizations that either constrain or support the recruitment, retention, and/or progression of female leaders. In doing so, this research advances existing literature by centering the specific dynamics of women's sport organizations rather than extrapolating from men's football and offers a gendered critique of cultural assumptions that continue to marginalize women. We also extend Schein's framework by applying it to a gendered sporting context, highlighting how deeper cultural artifacts, espoused values, and underlying assumptions intersect with structural inequalities. Findings suggest that women continue to be appraised on the basis of gender rather than capability and that club cultures and practices are constraining the appointment of a gender‐diverse workforce. We argue for a shift in focus toward systemic cultural change to address persistent gender inequalities in football leadership.