Dr Pip Trevorrow

This book considers how developments in technology could and are effecting the prosecution of war and what the changing nature of warfare means for human rights and civil society.

The purpose of this study was to investigate how women perceive exercising during pregnancy and whether existing technologies could be used to support active behaviours. Information for pregnant women who wish to continue or start exercising is limited and not readily offered. With the ever growing capability and accessibility to technologies research is warranted to investigate whether it could be used to help support exercising during pregnancy. An interpretative phenomenological approach was used to conduct in-depth interviews with five women, via purposive sampling. The data revealed that the participants perceived a number of barriers to active behaviours, such as the lack of a pregnant buddy with which to exercise. A lack of provided information was evident with the women claiming to have sought appropriate information themselves. Findings highlighted the potential for existing technologies to be utilised in order to support and enhance exercise behaviours during pregnancy.

Participation by young citizens in government issues is reportedly low across the globe, despite the move, by a number of countries, to Internet-based activity. If such a disengaged generation continues to choose not to participate and perhaps influence future generations to follow suit, then what lies ahead for the government and society of tomorrow? This article will draw from relevant literature and empirical research conducted with local councils, based in North England, and young people to assess the potential of the mobile phone, specifically SMS text messaging, as a tool with which to engage and support young citizens. The mobile phone is a technology that has been adopted world wide with vigour especially by young people with SMS text messaging being the phenomenon of the 21

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The Internet increasingly forms part of formal trade union responses to changing economic and political challenges but in quite complex ways, due to the manner in which different constituents harness and mediate its development. The paper shows how networking is the object of competing meanings and interventions, and the subject of a range of issues in terms of organisational hierarchies, competing communities of practice and competing understandings and traditions of the Internet itself.

Political concerns with healthy lifestyles have placed physical activity at the centre of a number of policies and campaigns. With an increase in the types of technology specifically designed for use in physical activity this paper explores the affect such technology, in particular the Nike+iPod kit, could have on individuals activity levels. A small pilot study, using information from a questionnaire and convenience data set, were explored to gain an insight into the use of the technology with regard to physical activity and the transtheoretical model of change. It appears that there is some possibility for the technology to advance individuals through the stages of change for physical activity, but only if they are already motivated to start exercising. More research is required in order to make any conclusive claims. © 2012 Presses de l’Université du Québec.

© 2019 IEEE. The global concern about food security and sustainability has brought attention to areas of food waste across the food supply chain (FSC). According to research although food waste is realized throughout the supply chain, in developed countries households generate the most food waste. Therefore, a key challenge in reducing global food waste lies in the reduction of household food waste.The study intends to investigate household food waste using technology to initiate behavior change towards a sustainable use of household food. Thirty participants were given access to FoodTrek, a mobile phone application developed for this research which was used for alerting participants with regards to end dates of food items in their home. After using FoodTrek for four weeks, there was a 10% decrease in food waste across all products and participants agreed that getting reminders before the food went out of date was instrumental in them using food products before the end date. This gave a positive view to explore further development of this prototype App.

The abundance of data generated, processed and stored by wearable devices presents a promising opportunity for digital investigations, including civil, criminal and medical cases. This study examined smartwatch data as digital evidence, using Garmin, Samsung, and BoAt devices paired with a Redmi phone. Forensic tools, Cellebrite UFED4PC, Magnet Axiom, and Oxygen Forensic Detective, were employed for data acquisition and analysis. The digital forensic analysis identified various artifacts, including physical activity data, health metrics, location data, user information and device information, all of which can serve as digital evidence in investigations. Cellebrite achieved the most comprehensive data extraction, revealing physical activity, health, location and user information. All tools accessed Garmin app data, but only Cellebrite decrypted Samsung’s activity data. Location data was found in the Garmin app, but was encrypted in Samsung Health app data. BoAt app data was partially complete, yet provided user and activity details. Overall, the study highlights the importance of forensic analysis in extracting electronic evidence from smartwatch companion apps.

Audio or video podcasts can offer students different ways of learning and can add value by providing access to learning materials ‘on the move’. This paper presents an initial investigation into the use of excel podcasts for undergraduate and foundation level students in different faculties at a single university. The podcasts were shown in lecture and seminar settings and uploaded to an online server for all students to access in their own time; either via a web browser or portable video player such as an iPod. Results for the on-going study were positive with the majority of students using them for developing their understanding of excel and exam revision. Students expressed an interest in having similar supplementary learning materials for other modules. Such conclusions drawn from this study highlight the need to investigate the use of podcasts further in the teaching and learning environment.

Levels of overweight and obese individuals have been seen as rising across the globe. This has caused concerns with regard to how active individuals are and realization that a high percentage of the population do not meet the weekly requirement of physical activity. Current focus has been on the capabilities that new technologies can offer as an intervention technique. This paper offers an initial investigation into one such technology, namely the iPod Nike+ kit, which acts as a tracker for running behaviors. This scoping study was conducted via a questionnaire and analysis of customer reviews. Participants were assessed on their stage of change for physical activity behavior, based on the Transtheoretical Model of Change (TTM), before and after using the technology. The results from this study showed that the technology was received positively from those who used it and the predominant outcome was that individuals were more enthusiastic about running.

This paper reports on the results of a study investigating how nutritional eating behaviors can be improved by presenting a cooking-based website for parents to use with their children. Participants' eating behaviors were closely monitored via questionnaires and food diaries. Results show that over the course of the study, children's willingness to consume fruit and vegetables had improved and they enjoyed participating in food preparation. This was supported by the participants' food diaries, which showed a statistically significant increase in the number of portions of fruit and vegetables consumed by both children and parents. An attempt was made to place participants in a stage of change before and after the study (Transtheoretical Model). This was flawed, however, due to inaccurate measurements and the short study duration. Overall, this study provides support for the use of educational websites, in particular a cooking website, to improve nutritional eating behaviors in children. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Public administrations across Europe take the view that using digital media for consultation with citizens will help to increase their democratic participation. We examine how one such media,the mobile phone, is being used in an attempt to raise participation. We suggest that the mobile phone is not the 'silver bullet' that will bridge the digital divide in communication with local public administration. We identify a series of potential barriers to increasing participation by youth and changing the relationship between the elected politicians and their constituents.

Neuro-degenerative diseases (NDD) continue to increase globally and have significant impact on health, developmental and financial fronts. Recent studies have shown that gait impairment as one of the earliest signs of the disease. However, classification of multiple types of NDD becomes more challenging because of the high overlapping symptoms specifically at early stages. This paper entails a composite of signal processing and machine intelligence algorithms to process the gait data captured through multi-sensors for a reliable classification different types of NDD. The captured dataset used in this research consisted of 60 patients’ records representing three different types of NDD. Our simulation results indicated that the proposed approach outperformed existing works in this domain. The proposed work might help the mitigation plans for NDD, reliable monitoring of the disease progression and can assist the evaluation of possible therapy and treatments that would benefit the individuals, associated families, society and healthcare services.

This study investigates the impact that the practice of Internet filtering is having on youth citizenship in the United Kingdom. It contends that, in the information age, the Internet is a significant channel for information gathering and community participation by youth. A model of active youth citizenship is employed which identifies three dimensions - environment, personal traits, and behaviour - that influence an individual's contribution as a citizen. Empirical research is presented to investigate one source of Internet filtering that is encountered by the young citizen, the public library, and to explore young people's views as users of the resource. The study concludes that the practice of Internet blocking has the potential to impede all three dimensions of active youth citizenship. © The Canadian Journal of Information and Library Science.

This paper presents a literature review investigating the suitability of participatory design when conducted with autistic adults. Six relevant papers were discovered, with key information extracted prior to analysis. A thematic analysis revealed six core themes of adaptations and considerations to be made when working with autistic adults: (1) appropriate approaches and methodology, (2) individual differences, (3) flexibility, (4) communication, (5) environment and sensory issues and (6) challenge assumptions. Overall, it was found that participatory design is a suitable method for use with autistic adults, providing careful adjustments are made to some or all of the design activities to ensure their accessibility and effectiveness. It is important that researchers and practitioners have sufficient autism understanding to make these adjustments, and that they invest time to get to know the autistic people involved in their study.

Critical conversations concerning if and how dance ‘fits’ within current (dominant) discourse across physical activity (PA), public health (PH) and sport policy are presented here in the form of commentaries from a ‘collective’ research base and individual ‘worldviews’ that includes the director of an established community-based dance organisation, a local authority PH commissioner and three academic researchers (a sociologist, cultural geographer and technologist). Dynamic dialogue between all parties has been encouraged throughout the research process (January–December 2015). From our viewpoints, discursive differences and occasional disciplinary dilemmas are regarded as potentially knowledge producing. We share transcribed parts of our critical conversations to illustrate how evaluating dance as PA represents opportunities for challenging if not disrupting some discursive terrain, whilst concurrently being somewhat constrained by that terrain. Our broader research remit contributes to ongoing debates surrounding ‘what works’ in relation to PA. Our dynamic interactions are thus constitutive of and productive within wider circuits or discourses of policy and provision. Paradigmatic rivalry or epistemological ‘tensions’ may well be hindering attempts to demonstrate that dance does have positive impacts on health. Acknowledgement and engagement with these tensions can arguably inform policy and practice in effective and meaningful ways and contribute further to debates regarding an evidence base seeking to ‘prove’ the benefits of activity-based programmes and interventions as we look across PA, PH and sport.

Purpose Many technology designers strive to involve end users in the design process, aiming to produce better outcomes. However, designers may struggle to engage autistic users effectively due to a lack of understanding of autistic characteristics and preferences. This systematic literature review aimed to identify how autistic adolescents and adults can best be engaged in effective participatory design activities. Methods Seven databases were searched for articles reporting technology design involving autistic people, returning 276 results. Using the PRISMA approach, 258 were excluded due to not meeting the inclusion criteria. The remaining 18 articles were then quality assessed. Results A thematic analysis revealed five core themes: (1) Engagement: the importance of investment in, and ownership of, the design process to create engagement, (2) Relationships: building relationships through collaboration and careful facilitation, (3) Skills development: the development of personal skills such as teamwork, design and self-advocacy in order to grow confidence, (4) Structure: providing context and structure to make the design experience feel safe and predictable, and (5) Support: the importance of support and consideration of individual needs as well as discouraging negative behaviours. Conclusion Valuing participants as equal partners in design emerged as an, arguably, universal principle. The specific needs and preferences of autistic people must be understood and respected by designers. This goes beyond obvious accommodations such as providing a quiet and safe environment, and requires a deeper, more personal engagement with the individuals and their interests. We provide tangible recommendations for increasing engagement and aiding the design process.

Cybercrime presents numerous issues for police organizations. A key challenge is to understand how best to impart relevant skills and knowledge about cybercrime throughout the organization to enable police officers to react appropriately to such incidents. This article is drawn from research undertaken as part of the CARI Project, a major study into the effectiveness of cybercrime investigation within a large UK police force funded by the Police Knowledge Fund. As part of the needs assessment for the above project, concerns were raised about the effectiveness of existing training arrangements in facilitating the development of cyber skills within police officers. The present research, based on survey data, explored the effectiveness of different training styles as perceived by those who had undertaken cyber training. The research found that officers perceived some modes of training as more effective than others and highlighted some of the organizational contexts that impact negatively on the delivery of effective cyber training. The findings are presented within a context, informed by existing literature, that acknowledges wider debates surrounding the pedagogy of police learning and the organizational challenges of developing cyber skills within police officers. The authors believe that the findings will have relevance to police training policy both in the UK and in the wider international context.

Cybercrime has become one of the most pressing developments for police organisations to engage with over recent years. One of the key challenges here is to understand how best to effectively impart relevant skills and knowledge about cybercrime throughout the organisation to enable police officers to react appropriately to such illicit behaviours. This paper is drawn from mixed-methods research undertaken as part of a major study into the effectiveness of cybercrime investigation within a large UK police force funded by College of Policing/Hefce. The research found that officers perceived some modes of training as considerably more effective than others and, similarly, highlighted some of the organisational contexts that impact negatively on the delivery of effective cyber training to police officers. The authors believe that the findings will have relevance to police training policies both in the UK and in the wider international context.

Digital Public Administration and E-Government in Developing Nations: Policy and Practice examines e-government from the perspective of developing nations and addressing the issues and concerns arisen in its systems and processes.