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About
Stefanny works at the Centre for Dementia Research at Leeds Beckett University, where she conducts ethnographic and qualitative research exploring intergenerational approaches within care home settings. Her work involves working closely with people living with dementia, their families, care home staff, and children to understand and improve everyday care experiences.
She holds an BSc in Neuroscience and Mental Health, an MSc in Dementia from UCL and an MSc in Epidemiology from Oxford. Her research background is in older adult care, with particular focus on dementia and frailty, spanning both qualitative and quantitative methods. With five years of research experience across NIHR and UKRI-funded studies, Stefanny has collaborated in trial design and management, survey-based and Delphi consensus work, mixed-methods systematic reviews, and qualitative studies with older adults, practitioners and carers.
She also has extensive experience coordinating public involvement work, including co-leadership roles at Queen Mary University of London and King's College London with adults with dementia, fragility fractures and community organisations.
Related links
Research interests
Stefanny is interested in the social care of adults living with disabilities and neurological conditions. She works across qualitative and quantitative research methods and is interested in participatory research.
Publications (14)
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Barriers and facilitators to early mobilisation and weight-bearing as tolerated after hip fracture surgery among older adults in Saudi Arabia: a qualitative study
01 April 2024
Age and Ageing53(4):afae075 Oxford University Press (OUP)
Turabi RY, Sheehan KJ, Guerra S, O'Connell MDL, Wyatt DAbstract
Objective
To explore the practice of prescribing and implementing early mobilisation and weight-bearing as tolerated after hip fracture surgery in older adults and identify barriers and facilitators to their implementation.
Methods
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 healthcare providers (10 orthopaedic surgeons and 10 physiotherapists) from Saudi Arabian government hospitals. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.
Results
While early mobilisation and weight-bearing as tolerated were viewed as important by most participants, they highlighted barriers to the implementation of these practices. Most participants advocated for mobility within 48 h of surgery, aligning with international guidance; however, the implementation of weight-bearing as tolerated was varied. Some participants stressed the type of surgery undertaken as a key factor in weight-bearing prescription. For others, local protocols or clinician preference was seen as most important, the latter partially influenced by where they were trained. Interdisciplinary collaboration between orthopaedic surgeons and physiotherapists was seen as a crucial part of postoperative care and weight-bearing. Patient and family member buy-in was also noted as a key factor, as fear of further injury can impact a patient’s adherence to weight-bearing prescriptions. Participants noted a lack of standardised postoperative protocols and the need for routine patient audits to better understand current practices and outcomes.
Conclusion
This study contributes to national and global discussions on the prescription of early mobilisation and weight-bearing as tolerated. It highlights the necessity for a harmonised approach, incorporating standardised, evidence-based protocols with patient-specific care, robust healthcare governance and routine audits and monitoring for quality assurance and better patient outcomes.
Assessing the relationship between coverage of essential health services and poverty levels in low- and middle-income countries
22 February 2024
Health Policy and Planning39(2):156-167 Oxford University Press (OUP)
Guerra S, Roope LS, Tsiachristas AAbstract
Universal health coverage (UHC) aims to provide essential health services and financial protection to all. This study aimed to assess the relationship between the service coverage aspect of universal health coverage and poverty in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Using country-level data from 96 LMICs from 1990 to 2017, we employed fixed-effects and random-effects regressions to investigate the association of eight service coverage indicators (inpatient admissions; antenatal care; skilled birth attendance; full immunization; cervical and breast cancer screening rates; diarrhoea and acute respiratory infection treatment rates) with poverty headcount ratios and gaps at the $1.90, $3.20 and $5.50 poverty lines. Missing data were imputed using within-country linear interpolation or extrapolation. One-unit increases in seven service indicators (breast cancer screening being the only one with no significant associations) were associated with reduced poverty headcounts by 2.54, 2.46 and 1.81 percentage points at the $1.90, $3.20 and $5.50 lines, respectively. The corresponding reductions in poverty gaps were 0.99 ($1.90), 1.83 ($3.20) and 1.89 ($5.50) percentage points. Apart from cervical cancer screening, which was only significant in one poverty headcount model ($5.50 line), all other service indicators were significant in either the poverty headcount or gap models at both $1.90 and $3.20 poverty lines. In LMICs, higher service coverage rates are associated with lower incidence and intensity of poverty. Further research is warranted to identify the causal pathways and specific circumstances in which improved health services in LMICs might help to reduce poverty.
Factors associated with concerns about falling and activity restriction in older adults after hip fracture: a mixed-methods systematic review
01 April 2024
European Geriatric Medicine15(2):305-332 Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Guerra S, Ellmers T, Turabi R, Law M, Chauhan A, Milton-Cole R, Godfrey E, Sheehan KJAbstract
Purpose
To investigate factors contributing to concerns about falling and activity restriction in the community among older adults who had a hip fracture.
Methods
A mixed method systematic review with a convergent segregated approach. We searched Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, PEDRo, CINAHL and the Cochrane library. Results were synthesised narratively considering physical, psychological, environmental, care, and social factors and presented in tables. Critical appraisal was completed in duplicate.
Results
We included 19 studies (9 qualitative, 9 observational, 1 mixed methods) representing 1480 individuals and 23 factors related to concerns about falling and activity restriction. Physical factors included falls history, comorbidities, balance, strength, mobility and functionality. Psychological factors included anxiety and neuroticism scores, perceived confidence in/control over rehabilitation and abilities, and negative/positive affect about the orthopaedic trauma, pre-fracture abilities and future needs. Environmental factors included accessibility in the home, outdoors and with transport. Social and care factors related to the presence or absence of formal and informal networks, which reduced concerns and promoted activity by providing feedback, advice, encouragement, and practical support.
Conclusion
These findings highlight that to improve concerns about falling and activity restriction after hip fracture, it is important to: improve physical and functional abilities; boost self-confidence; promote positive affect; involve relatives and carers; increase access to clinicians, and; enhance accessibility of the home, outdoors and transport. Most factors were reported on by a small number of studies of varying quality and require replication in future research.
Experience of UK Latin Americans caring for a relative living with dementia: A qualitative study of family carers
July 2022
Dementia21(5):1574-1595 SAGE Publications
Guerra S, James T, Rapaport P, Livingston GMost studies of the Latin American immigrant experience and care for relatives living with dementia have been in the United States (US). In the United Kingdom (UK), unlike the US, most Latin Americans are first generation immigrants and are a rapidly increasing population. Therefore, we aimed to explore the UK experiences of Latin Americans caring for a relative with dementia. We purposively recruited UK-based Latin American family carers of people with dementia ensuring maximum diversity. We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews (in English or Spanish) with 11 family carers, stopping recruiting when we reached thematic saturation. We took an inductive thematic analytic approach. Four main themes were identified: (1) Family comes first, particularly older people, leading to an obligation to care; (2) dementia as an illness that is accepted and talked about, which is regarded as positive with close networks but not wider society; (3) difficult behaviours are not the responsibility of the person with dementia, who is often conceptualised as a child; and (4) caring expectations lead to incompatibility with formal services, and a reluctance to leave people with dementia alone. Familial obligation is the driver for family carers and acceptance of the illness helped despite adversities. Openness to talk about dementia with close networks was distinctive and helpful, contrasting with wider society, where greater awareness of dementia is needed. Considering the person with dementia as a child did not seem to undermine personhood and enabled maintenance of compassion. The relative with dementia was a priority. There was a lack of culturally and linguistically appropriate services, thus restricting family carers’ ability to fulfil other roles, such as parental.Introduction
Methods
Findings
Conclusions
Physiotherapists’ perspectives of barriers and facilitators to effective community provision after hip fracture: a qualitative study in England
01 September 2023
Age and Ageing52(9):afad130 Oxford University Press (OUP)
Adams J, Jones GD, Sadler E, Guerra S, Sobolev B, Sackley C, Sheehan KJAbstract
Purpose
to investigate physiotherapists’ perspectives of effective community provision following hip fracture.
Methods
qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 community physiotherapists across England. Thematic analysis drawing on the Theoretical Domains Framework identified barriers and facilitators to implementation of effective provision. Interviews were complemented by process mapping community provision in one London borough, to identify points of care where suggested interventions are in place and/or could be implemented.
Results
four themes were identified: ineffective coordination of care systems, ineffective patient stratification, insufficient staff recruitment and retention approaches and inhibitory fear avoidance behaviours. To enhance care coordination, participants suggested improving access to social services and occupational therapists, maximising multidisciplinary communication through online notation, extended physiotherapy roles, orthopaedic-specific roles and seven-day working. Participants advised the importance of stratifying patients on receipt of referrals, at assessment and into appropriately matched interventions. To mitigate insufficient staff recruitment and retention, participants proposed return-to-practice streams, apprenticeship schemes, university engagement, combined acute-community rotations and improving job description advertisements. To reduce effects of fear avoidance behaviour on rehabilitation, participants proposed the use of patient-specific goals, patient and carer education, staff education in psychological strategies or community psychologist access. Process mapping of one London borough identified points of care where suggested interventions to overcome barriers were in place and/or could be implemented.
Conclusion
physiotherapists propose that effective provision of community physiotherapy following hip fracture could be improved by refining care coordination, utilising stratification techniques, employing enhanced recruitment and retainment strategies and addressing fear avoidance behaviours.
The effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions including outdoor mobility on older adults’ physical activity, endurance, outdoor mobility and falls-related self-efficacy: systematic review and meta-analysis
01 June 2022
Age and Ageing51(6):afac120 Oxford University Press (OUP)
Geohagen O, Hamer L, Lowton A, Guerra S, Milton-Cole R, Ellery P, Martin FC, Lamb SE, Sackley C, Sheehan KJAbstract
Objective
To determine the effectiveness of community-based rehabilitation interventions which incorporate outdoor mobility on physical activity, endurance, outdoor mobility and falls-related self-efficacy in older adults.
Design
MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PEDro and OpenGrey were searched systematically from inception to June 2021 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of community-based rehabilitation incorporating outdoor mobility on physical activity, endurance, outdoor mobility and/or falls-related self-efficacy in older adults. Duplicate screening, selection, extraction and appraisal were completed. Results were reported descriptively and with random-effects meta-analyses stratified by population (proactive [community-dwelling], reactive [illness/injury]).
Results
A total of 29 RCTs with 7,076 participants were identified (66% high bias for at least one domain). The outdoor mobility component was predominantly a walking programme with behaviour change. Rehabilitation for reactive populations increased physical activity (seven RCTs, 587 participants. Hedge’s g 1.32, 95% CI: 0.31, 2.32), endurance (four RCTs, 392 participants. Hedges g 0.24; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.44) and outdoor mobility (two RCTs with 663 participants. Go out as much as wanted, likelihood of a journey) at intervention end versus usual care. Where reported, effects were preserved at follow-up. One RCT indicated a benefit of rehabilitation for proactive populations on moderate-to-vigorous activity and outdoor mobility. No effect was noted for falls-related self-efficacy, or other outcomes following rehabilitation for proactive populations.
Conclusion
Reactive rehabilitation for older adults may include walking programmes with behaviour change techniques. Future research should address the potential benefit of a walking programme for proactive populations and address mobility-related anxiety as a barrier to outdoor mobility for both proactive and reactive populations.
Barriers and facilitators of weight bearing after hip fracture surgery among older adults. A scoping review
July 2023
Osteoporosis International34(7):1193-1205 Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Turabi RY, Wyatt D, Guerra S, O’Connell MDL, Khatun T, Sageer SA, Alhazmi A, Sheehan KJPurpose: This scoping review aimed to synthesise the available evidence on barriers and facilitators of weight bearing after hip fracture surgery in older adults. Methods: Published (Cochrane Central, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PEDro) and unpublished (Global Health, EThOS, WorldCat dissertation and thesis, ClinicalTrials.gov, OpenAIRE, DART-Europe) evidence was electronically searched from database inception to 29 March 2022. Barriers and facilitators of weight bearing were extracted and synthesised into patient, process (non-surgical), process (surgical), and structure-related barriers/facilitators using a narrative review approach. Results: In total, 5594 were identified from the primary search strategy, 1314 duplicates were removed, 3769 were excluded on title and abstract screening, and 442 were excluded on full-text screening. In total, 69 studies (all from published literature sources) detailing 47 barriers and/or facilitators of weight bearing were included. Of barriers/facilitators identified, 27 were patient-, 8 non-surgical process-, 8 surgical process-, and 4 structure-related. Patient facilitators included anticoagulant, home discharge, and aid at discharge. Barriers included preoperative dementia and delirium, postoperative delirium, pressure sores, indoor falls, ventilator dependence, haematocrit < 36%, systemic sepsis, and acute renal failure. Non-surgical process facilitators included early surgery, early mobilisation, complete medical co-management, in-hospital rehabilitation, and patient-recorded nurses’ notes. Barriers included increased operative time and standardised hip fracture care. Surgical process facilitators favoured intramedullary fixations and arthroplasty over extramedullary fixation. Structure facilitators favoured more recent years and different healthcare systems. Barriers included pre-holiday surgery and admissions in the first quarter of the year. Conclusion: Most patient/surgery-related barriers/facilitators may inform future risk stratification. Future research should examine additional process/structure barriers and facilitators amenable to intervention. Furthermore, patient barriers/facilitators need to be investigated by replicating the studies identified and augmenting them with more specific details on weight bearing outcomes.
Multidisciplinary team healthcare professionals’ perceptions of current and optimal acute rehabilitation, a hip fracture example A UK qualitative interview study informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework
01 November 2022
PLOS ONE17(11):e0277986 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Authors: Guerra S, Lambe K, Manolova G, Sadler E, Sheehan KJ, Editors: Soundy ATo understand multidisciplinary team healthcare professionals’ perceptions of current and optimal provision of acute rehabilitation, perceived facilitators and barriers to implementation, and their implications for patient recovery, using hip fracture as an example. A qualitative design was adopted using semi-structured telephone interviews with 20 members of the acute multidisciplinary healthcare team (occupational therapists, physiotherapists, physicians, nurses) working on orthopaedic wards at 15 different hospitals across the UK. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, anonymised, and then thematically analysed drawing on the Theoretical Domains Framework to enhance our understanding of the findings. We identified four themes: conceptualising a model of rehabilitative practice, which reflected the perceived variability of rehabilitation models, along with facilitators and common patient and organisational barriers for optimal rehabilitation; competing professional and organisational goals, which highlighted the reported incompatibility between organisational goals and person-centred care shaping rehabilitation practices, particularly for more vulnerable patients; engaging teams in collaborative practice, which related to the expressed need to work well with all members of the multidisciplinary team to achieve the same person-centred goals and share rehabilitation practices; and engaging patients and their carers, highlighting the importance of their involvement to achieve a holistic and collaborative approach to rehabilitation in the acute setting. Barriers and facilitators within themes were underpinned by the lack or presence of adequate ways of communicating with patients, carers, and multidisciplinary team members; resources (e.g. equipment, staffing, group classes), and support from people in leadership positions such as management and senior staff. Cornerstones of optimal acute rehabilitation are effective communication and collaborative practices between the multidisciplinary team, patients and carers. Supportive management and leadership are central to optimise these processes. Organisational constraints are the most commonly perceived barrier to delivering effective rehabilitation in hospital settings, which exacerbate silo working and limited patient engagement.Objective
Methods
Results
Conclusions
Protocol for a feasibility randomised controlled trial of the ‘Outdoor’ mobility intervention for older adults after hip fracture
01 August 2024
PLOS ONE19(8):e0306871 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Authors: Sheehan KJ, Bastas D, Guerra S, Creanor S, Hulme C, Lamb S, Martin FC, Sackley C, Smith T, Bell P, Hillsdon M, Pope S, Cook H, Godfrey E, Editors: Mothabeng DJA high proportion of patients do not regain outdoor mobility after hip fracture. Rehabilitation explicitly targeting outdoor mobility is needed to enable these older adults to recover activities which they value most. The overarching aim of this study is to determine the feasibility of a randomised controlled trial which aims to assess the clinical- and cost-effectiveness of an intervention designed to enable recovery of outdoor mobility among older adults after hip fracture (the OUTDOOR intervention). This is a protocol for a multi-centre pragmatic parallel group (allocation ratio 1:1) randomised controlled assessor-blinded feasibility trial. Adults aged 60 years or more, admitted to hospital from- and planned discharge to- home, with self-reported outdoor mobility in the three-months pre-fracture, surgically treated for hip fracture, and who are able to consent and participate, are eligible. Individuals who require two or more people to support mobility on discharge will be excluded. Screening and consent (or consent to contact) will take place in hospital. Baseline assessment and randomisation will follow discharge from hospital. Participants will then receive usual care (delivered by physiotherapy, occupational therapy, or therapy assistants), or usual care plus the OUTDOOR intervention. The OUTDOOR intervention includes a goal-orientated outdoor mobility programme (supported by up to six in-person visits), therapist-led motivational dialogue (supported by up to four telephone calls), supported by a past-patient led video where recovery experiences are shared, and support to transition to independent ongoing recovery. Therapists delivering the OUTDOOR intervention (distinct from those supporting usual care) will receive training in motivational interviewing and behaviour change techniques. Baseline demographics will be collected. Patient reported outcome measures including health related quality of life, activities of daily living, pain, community mobility, falls related self-efficacy, resource use, readmissions, and mortality will be collected at baseline, 6-weeks, 12-weeks, and 6-months (for those enrolled early in the trial) post-randomisation. Exercise adherence (6- and 12- weeks) and intervention acceptability (12-weeks) will be collected. A subset of 20 participants will also support accelerometery data collection for 10 days at each time point. The trial findings will be disseminated to patients and the public, health professionals and researchers through publications, presentations and social media channels. The trial has been registered at 3.0.Background
Methods
Dissemination
Trial registration
Protocol version
Effect of inpatient rehabilitation treatment ingredients on functioning, quality of life, length of stay, discharge destination, and mortality among older adults with unplanned admission: an overview review
December 2022
BMC Geriatrics22(1):501 Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Lambe K, Guerra S, Salazar de Pablo G, Ayis S, Cameron ID, Foster NE, Godfrey E, Gregson CL, Martin FC, Sackley C, Walsh N, Sheehan KJAbstract
Background
To synthesise the evidence for the effectiveness of inpatient rehabilitation treatment ingredients (versus any comparison) on functioning, quality of life, length of stay, discharge destination, and mortality among older adults with an unplanned hospital admission.
Methods
A systematic search of Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase, PsychInfo, PEDro, BASE, and OpenGrey for published and unpublished systematic reviews of inpatient rehabilitation interventions for older adults following an unplanned admission to hospital from database inception to December 2020. Duplicate screening for eligibility, quality assessment, and data extraction including extraction of treatment components and their respective ingredients employing the Treatment Theory framework. Random effects meta-analyses were completed overall and by treatment ingredient. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed with the inconsistency-value (I
Results
Systematic reviews ( n = 12) of moderate to low quality, including 44 non-overlapping relevant RCTs were included. When incorporated in a rehabilitation intervention, there was a large effect of endurance exercise, early intervention and shaping knowledge on walking endurance after the inpatient stay versus comparison. Early intervention , repeated practice activities , goals and planning , increased medical care and/or discharge planning increased the likelihood of discharge home versus comparison. The evidence for activities of daily living (ADL) was conflicting. Rehabilitation interventions were not effective for functional mobility, strength, or quality of life, or reduce length of stay or mortality. Therefore, we did not explore the potential role of treatment ingredients for these outcomes.
Conclusion
Benefits observed were often for subgroups of the older adult population e.g., endurance exercise was effective for endurance in older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and early intervention was effective for endurance for those with hip fracture. Future research should determine whether the effectiveness of these treatment ingredients observed in subgroups, are generalisable to older adults more broadly. There is a need for more transparent reporting of intervention components and ingredients according to established frameworks to enable future synthesis and/or replication.
Trial registration
PROSPERO Registration
Effectiveness of exercise rehabilitation interventions on depressive symptoms in older adults post hip fracture: a systematic review and meta-analysis
February 2024
Osteoporosis International35(2):227-242 Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Milton-Cole R, Kazeem K, Gibson A, Guerra S, Sheehan KJAbstract: This study determines the effectiveness of exercise rehabilitation interventions on depressive symptoms in older adults after hip fracture. Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Global Health, APAPsych, CENTRAL, CIHAHL, PEDro and Open Grey were searched from database inception to June 10, 2022 for definitive, pilot or feasibility randomised controlled trials of rehabilitation interventions (versus any comparator) which reported depressive symptoms among older adults post hip fracture. Nonrandomised trials and those not published in English were excluded. Selection, quality appraisal (Cochrane Risk of Bias 2) and extraction in duplicate. Results were synthesised narratively and with meta-analysis (Hedge’s g for intervention effect, I2 for heterogeneity). Eight trials (1146 participants) were included. Interventions were predominantly face-to-face exercise rehabilitation (range three to 56 sessions) at home versus usual care. Three trials were assigned overall low risk of bias, three some concerns and two high risk. The pooled effect of rehabilitation on depressive symptoms at intervention end favoured the intervention group (Hedges’s g −0.43; 95% CI: −0.87, 0.01; four trials). Three trials demonstrated no between group difference following adjustment for baseline depressive symptoms. One trial found lower odds of depression when the intervention additionally included falls prevention, nutrition consultation and depression management. There is a potential benefit of exercise rehabilitation interventions on depressive symptoms after hip fracture. A mechanism for benefit may relate to baseline symptom severity, exercise frequency, frequency of health professional contacts, addition of a psychological component or of the quality of the underlying trials. To appropriately inform clinical guidelines, further appropriately powered trials with follow-up are warranted. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: CRD42022342099.
‘You can’t just put somebody in a situation with no armour’. An ethnographic exploration of the training and support needs of homecare workers caring for people living with dementia
November 2021
Dementia20(8):2982-3005 SAGE Publications
Leverton M, Burton A, Beresford-Dent J, Rapaport P, Manthorpe J, Mansour H, Guerra Ceballos S, Downs M, Samus Q, Dow B, Lord K, Cooper CHomecare workers carry out complex work with people living with dementia, while under-supported, undervalued and undertrained. In this ethnographic study, we explore the skills, training and support needs of homecare workers supporting people living with dementia. We conducted 82 interviews with people living with dementia ( n = 11), family caregivers ( n = 22), homecare staff ( n = 30) and health and social care professionals ( n = 19) and conducted 100-hours of participant observations with homecare workers ( n = 16). We triangulated interview and observational findings and analysed data thematically. We developed four themes: 1) ‘Navigating the homecare identity and role’: describing challenges of moving between different role identities and managing associated expectations, 2) ‘Developing and utilising relational and emotional skills’: boundaries between caring and getting emotionally involved felt blurred and difficult to manage, 3) ‘Managing clients who resist care’: homecare workers experienced clients’ reactions as challenging and felt “thrown to the wolves” without sufficient training, and 4) ‘Drawing on agency and team support’: homecare work could be isolating, with no shared workplace, busy schedules and limited opportunity for peer support. It is important that training and support for homecare workers addresses the relational, emotional and rights-based aspects of the role. Where a flexible, responsive, person-centred service is required, corresponding training and support is needed, alongside organisational practices, taking account of the broader context of the homecare sector.Background
Research Design and Methods
Results
Discussion and Implications
Culturally tailored therapeutic interventions for people affected by dementia: a systematic review and new conceptual model
March 2021
The Lancet Healthy Longevity2(3):e171-e179 Elsevier BV
James T, Mukadam N, Sommerlad A, Guerra Ceballos S, Livingston GMost people with dementia live in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) and there is an increased dementia prevalence in some minority ethnic groups in high-income countries. However, most interventions are devised for majority populations in high-income countries. We systematically searched 11 electronic databases for culturally tailored interventions for people with dementia and their family carers in LMICs and minority ethnic groups, without limit on language or date. 23 of 22 221 studies fulfilled inclusion criteria. Interventions adapted peripheral intervention components by, for example, translation and reducing the stigma of psychological therapy by emphasising physical illness and learning. Core therapeutic components were not changed. We found evidence-based, multicomponent interventions adapted for Latinx carers were acceptable, feasible, and effective in the USA and Columbia. Interventions developed for carers in India were effective there but not in other LMICs. Culturally adapted cognitive stimulation therapy was acceptable and effective for people with dementia in sub-Saharan Africa. We propose a new conceptual model from our findings to aid implementation of culturally appropriate treatments for people affected by dementia in LMICs and minority ethnic groups. Evidence-based interventions need cultural adaptation for different settings with therapeutic components retained. If they are acceptable, feasible, and remain effective then full effectiveness trials are unnecessary.
Culturally Tailored Interventions for People Affected by Dementia: A Systematic Review and Conceptual Model About Implementation
01 January 2020
SSRN Electronic Journal Elsevier BV
James T, Mukadam N, Sommerlad A, Guerra Ceballos S, Livingston G
